What is the Definition of Contrast in Art - About.com

Contrast is one of the main principles of art defined by art historians and critics. It is a strategy used by an artist to break up a work of art, and alter or even shatter its unity by inserting variation. In many ways, contrast is the opposite of the element of unity, in that it commands the viewers attention by sheer force of its differences.   Art historians and critics regularly include contrast as a main principle of art, although often in a number of different ways. Contrast is known by a range of terms, such as variety or variation, difference, unevenness, individuality, and novelty. Contrast Paired with Unity Contrast can be a matter of arranging opposite elements (light versus dark, rough versus smooth, large versus small) within an artists piece, when the artist is working specifically to echo and repeat different levels of unity. In such artwork, contrasts can be paired colors which are chromatic opposites: in a work strictly adhering to unity those colors would be complementary. When the artist uses contrasting paired shapes such as two circles of different sizes, or a triangle and a star of the same size, contrast can be seen as opposite but partnered with the element of unity.   One example of the kind of contrast that works hand and hand with unity is that of the classic womens suits of Coco Chanel. Chanel paired a unified set of contrasting colors—primarily but not exclusively blacks and whites—and rectangles and squares as a contrast to the unified whole of a womans soft colors and shapes. Coco Chanel. Chanel Antagonism of Color and Shape Contrast can also be antagonist colors and shapes: Renaissance painters like Rembrandt and Caravaggio used the contrasting technique known as chiaroscuro. These artists set their subjects in a darkly lit room but picked them out with a single pool of contrasting light. In these types of uses, contrast does not express parallel ideas, but rather, sets aside the subject as unique or significant or even sanctified compared to its background.   In its Gestalt sense, contrast is arousal-driving, or emotion-producing or -stirring. Contrasting areas in art can have high information content, and express complexity, ambiguity, tension, and variability. When opposing shapes are set next to one another, the viewer is often immediately drawn to the polarity of the images. What is the artist trying to convey with the difference?   Measured or Controlled Contrasts Contrasts can be measured, or controlled: extreme variety can make a piece into a chaotic unintelligible jumble, the opposite of unity. But sometimes that works. Consider Jackson Pollacks canvases, which are extremely chaotic and laid down in contrasting lines and blobs of color, but the end effect is rhythmic in composition and unified in all of its variety.   So, in effect, unity and contrast are two ends of a scale. The overall effect of a composition located near the variety/contrast end would be described as interesting, exciting, and unique. Sources Frank, Marie. Denman Waldo Ross and the Theory of Pure Design. American Art 22.3 (2008): 72-89. Print.Kim, Nanyoung. A History of Design Theory in Art Education. Journal of Aesthetic Education 40.2 (2006): 12-28. Print.Kimball, Miles A. Visual Design Principles: An Empirical Study of Design Lore. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 43.1 (2013): 3-41. Print.Lord, Catherine. Organic Unity Reconsidered. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 22.3 (1964): 263-68. Print.Thurston, Carl. The Principles of Art. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 4.2 (1945): 96-100. Print.

Should Marijuana be Legal in Canada - 1093 Words

Marijuana is a drug that is prepared from the bloom head (flower) of cannabis plant and it is utilized as a medication in some conditions, such as, glaucoma and so forth. This pill has some destructive impacts and is recognized as illegal medication apart from a few states in United States and Amsterdam. Marijuana is a widespread drug and has damaging consequences for individuals. An enormous debate has started, in numerous countries should consumption of Marijuana should to be legalized or not? Canada is also amongst those nations where this issue is debated, it has grasped attention of many people, and the majority of individuals feel that utilization of Marijuana should not be legitimized in Canada, Since this drug is remarkably unsafe†¦show more content†¦The fourth and most common effect of marijuana is that it weakens body immune system to this much extent that a common diseases like cold, cough can cause a lot of problem for the individual who smoke marijuana in exce ss amount. Smoking marijuana regularly can suppress body’s immune system; hence the people who smoke marijuana are more certain to get cancer and other infectious diseases. This is due to chemicals which are present in marijuana that invokes immune system cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Zuckerman 765). Cannabinoids in marijuana deteriorates the immune system, in a way that it makes it more intricate for the body to fight infections. After smoking marijuana, the immune system uses its defensive mechanism to protect the body; as a result it burns up the fat deposits and sugar deposits which are reserved by the immune system in time of emergency to save live. Fifth effect of using marijuana is that it causes harmful effects during pregnancy. Marijuana consists of an ingredient called THC. It is known that it passes from mother to the fetus through placenta. Hence any amount of marijuana can effect fetus and cause complications. Use of marijuana during pregnancy can also affect children reproduction and studies indicate that it effect the baby’s brain development process. Marijuana also decreases sperm quality and decreases the ability of sperm to move quickly; in addition it also changes the structure ofShow MoreRelatedMarijuana Prohibition Canada1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe Controlled Substances Act (Marijuana Prohibition) CLN-4U Unit One Essay Cailey Bazik CLN 4U – Unit One Essay Controlled Substances Act Marijuana Prohibition The Controlled substance act pertaining to Marijuana has been a long on going battle as to whether marijuana should be legal in Canada and taken out of this act. The law behind the drug has a long history and many failed attempts at decriminalization. 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This essay will touch upon the Marxian explanation of why marijuana could be come legal, why the use of marijuana is seen as an illegal/legal activity from a Durkheimian perspective, and lastly how people view marijuana use and how they view the use of the law to regulateRead Morelegalizing marijuana1044 Words   |  5 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Cannabis sativa or marijuana, is most known for its euphoric psychological effects when consumed. Many Canadians take part in the use of marijuana which has been illegal in Canada since the early 1900s. The topic of marijuana legalization in Canada has been a highly controversial topic over the last century. It has been discussed recently in the news due to Washington and Colorado both voting to legalize marijuana in November of 2012. The Liberal and Conservative parties

Buad 310 Case Analysis Instruction Free Essays

BUAD 310 Spring 2013 Case Due by 4PM on Friday, May 3rd (in BRI 400C) In this case you will apply statistical techniques learned in the Regression part of BUAD 310. Please read the following instructions carefully before you start: †¢ This assignment uses data from the file MagAds13S. XLS, which you can download from Blackboard. We will write a custom essay sample on Buad 310 Case Analysis Instruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now After you download the file go to Data Load data from file in StatCrunch to open it (you don’t need to change any of the options when loading this data. ) †¢ The entire report should be typed and clearly presented without typos and grammatical errors. Copy and paste the relevant (explained further in more detail) regression output into your document. Do not attach any graphs. †¢ You are encouraged to work in groups (maximum size is 5). Any group submits only one report, in which the first page should have all the names and USC ID of the group members. A hard copy of the report needs to be submitted (an electronic copy is NOT acceptable). Before May 3rd, you can also hand in the report during class. When I am not in my office (BRI 400C), please drop the report in the office through the gap between the door and floor. Very important: present the problems in exactly the same order as they are listed. †¢ A note to Mac user: you might need to hold â€Å"shift† when selecting variables for the X-variables with multiple linear regression in StatCrunch. Magazine Advertising What factors influence the price of advertisements in magazines? Suppose you are part of a team of consultants hired by a retail clothing company wish ing to place advertisements in at least one magazine. They are curious about what types of costs they can expect for magazines with different readership bases so they most effectively utilize their advertising budget. Your team has collected cost data on 44 consumer magazines. In addition, your team has measured some other characteristics of the magazines and their audiences that may be useful in understanding the advertisement costs better. The variables are as follows, pagecost: Cost of a four-color, one-page ad (in dollars) circ: Circulation (projected, in thousands) percmale: Percent male among the predicted readership medianincome: Median household income of readership (in dollars) Some natural logarithms of the variables are also provided for your convenience. Your goal is to analyze the data with StatCrunch using Multiple Linear Regression methods and choose the best model to explain the differences in advertising costs between the different titles, and then to predict what the retail clothing company should expect to pay for advertising in the different magazines. Answer the following questions (with reasonable detail, not just â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†, use one or two sentences per question). 1. Visually examine the scatter plots of the response variable, pagecost, versus each of the explanatory variables (circ, percmale, medianincome). In StatCrunch you can go to [Graphics( Scatter Plot] to do each plot. Describe the form and the direction of each relationship. Do not attach any graphs. 2. Perform a Regression analysis to predict pagecost using all three explanatory variables [Stat ( Regression ( Multiple Linear, then fill in the proper Response and Predictor variables, then click Next twice and under Save options select Residuals, Predicted values and 95% interval for either the mean or an individual (you will have to decide which one you need for part d! ). For he CI (or PI) to be produced you need to enter the values from part d in the row underneath the data table, in appropriate columns. Note that the value for circ has to be entered in the same units as all the values in the circ column. To produce a residual plot do a Scatter plot as in question 1, selecting Residuals as the Y variable and Predicted values as the X variable]. Include the regression output, but not the plot. a. Use the R-squared and the F-tes t to comment on the usefulness of the regression model you fitted (use the significance level of 5% for the test). b. Evaluate the regression assumptions by assessing the residual plot. c. Examine each of the explanatory variables individually to determine which are contributing significantly to the model. (Use the significance level of 5 %. Do NOT actually eliminate any variables from the regression at this stage. ) d. Using the same model with all the variables, provide an appropriate 95%-level interval to the retail clothing company for the amount that they would pay for a full-page ad in a magazine with a projected audience of 2,000,000 readers, 55 percent of which are male, with a median income of $30,000. Explain in one sentence and in simple terms what this interval means. 3. Rerun the regression in part 2 with circ replaced by LN_circ (the natural logarithm of the variable circ), keeping all the other variables the same. Include the relevant regression output (only the coefficient and ANOVA tables). [Stat ( Regression ( Multiple Linear, then fill in the proper Response and Predictor variables, then click Next twice and under Save options select Residuals and Predicted values. Produce a residual plot the same way as in question 2]. a. How does this model compare to the previous model using R-squared? Explain what this difference in the R-squared values means in simple terms. b. Evaluate the regression assumptions by assessing the residual plot. c. Examine each of the independent variables individually to determine which are contributing significantly to the newest model. (Use the significance level of 5 %. Do NOT actually eliminate any variables from the regression at this stage. ) 4. Rerun the regression in part 3 with LN_pagecost (the natural logarithm of pagecost) as the response (i. . the explanatory variables are LN_circ, percmale and medianincome). Include the regression output. [Stat ( Regression ( Multiple Linear, then fill in the proper Response and Predictor variables, then click Next twice and under Save options select Residuals, Predicted values and 95% interval for either the mean or an individual (you will have to decide which one you need for part d! ). For the CI (or PI) to be produced you need to enter the values from part d in the row underneath the data table, in appropriate columns. Note that the value for LN_circ has to be entered in the same units as all the values in the LN_circ column. Also note that the interval will be produced for the LN_pagecost variable. To produce a residual plot do a Scatter plot as in question 1, selecting Residuals as the Y variable and Predicted values as the X variable]. a. Evaluate the regression assumptions by assessing the residual plot. b. Examine each of the explanatory variables individually to determine which are contributing significantly to the new model. Use a significance level of 5%. . Remove the variables you find insignificant and re-run the model. Include the regression output for the new model. d. Using the new model, provide an appropriate 95% -level interval to the retail clothing company for the amount they would pay for a full-page ad in a magazine with the values given in 2. d (projected audience of 2,000,000 readers, 55 percent of which are male, with a median income of $30,000) using the newest model. Explai n in one sentence and in simple terms what this interval means. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: (roughly about ? to 1 page) You are given the task of summarizing your findings for the board of directors of the retail clothing company. Since they are not very well-versed in regression techniques, you will need to explain things in easy-to-understand, simple and practical terms. Make sure to answer the following questions within the summary: 1. Describe each of the models you considered in parts 2-4 and how these models estimate the relationship between the cost of one-page ad and each of the explanatory variables (for each of the models you will need about one sentence per explanatory variable). . Specify which model you would recommend to best forecast the cost of one-page advertisements. Explain why this model should work well and why you picked this particular model from the ones you tried (go over the positives you see for this model and the negatives for the other models). †¢ Reminder: include only the relevant regression output in your final document. Do not attach or include any graphs. How to cite Buad 310 Case Analysis Instruction, Papers

Relationship between Motivation and Job Satisfaction Samples

Question: Examine the relationship between Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction This paper will be able to review articles relating to motivation and job satisfaction in the work environment. It will determine the relationship that exists between job satisfaction and motivation of employees. Employees will be satisfied with the job if they are motivated by their employers. The paper will be able to examine in detail the relationship that will exist between the motivation of the employees and the job performance. According to Armstrong, (2014) employee motivation and performance are the key factors in any organization. Motivation refers to the process of motivating people to be able to achieve their goals in the organization. Some of the psychological factors that may motivate employees in organization are the need of more money and respect of others.Motivation is very important in the management of the organization. Motivation is used to encourage workers to be able to make an optimistic input in achieving organizational objectives and goals. On the other hand job satisfaction refers to the level of contentment by the employee with their job .The nature of their work favors them and there is less supervision. Job satisfaction can be fulfilled when employees work to achieve the targets and goals that are set by the organization. The measurements of job satisfaction include the following; appreciation, communication, job conditions, nature of work, personal growth, policies , promotion of empl oyees, security and supervision.According to Pinder,(2014) states that job satisfaction reflect the happiness derived in their job by the activities that they perform. Motivation is one of the key factors that move the employees or human being to achieve his or her goals. Motivation is a guiding principle that is able to allow people to be focused on their success despite the challenges the people face. According to Arifin, (2014 ) motivation can be of two forms intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation refers to direct relationship between a worker and the task the employee is given. E.g. achievement and competence of the employees. The employees in this case should learn from the activities in the job environment .On the other hand extrinsic motivation comes from the work environment which includes good salary and benefits. Job satisfaction is affected by motivation given by the employers in the work environment. One of the factors that are affected by motivation in the work environment is commitment. The commitment of the employee is enhanced when he or she feels motivated and satisfied at his or her job. If an employee feels that he or she is motivated at work he would work hard in the level of employment since he will e satisfied with his or her work. Motivation and job satisfaction goes together in hand to enhance commitment. Job satisfaction in the work environment can be achieved through vary approach which incorporates vary approach. Vary approach is used to vary the routine activities of the organization to build excitement in the organization. Vary approach can be applied by building contests on the job challenges that affect the employees and help to build overall productivity. By expanding motivation of the employees it leads to job satisfaction. Though it is difficult to motivate employees, it is advisable to look for the desires and needs of the employees. The managers should also lead the job teams by serving as their role model ( Atmojo,2015). Feeling worth is one of the elements of motivation in the work environment. If an employee feels worth in the organization both mentally and emotionally then he and she will be able to be satisfied with his job. The employees need to be praised based on their performance, talents and reward them on different types of gratitude. Also the manager can help design projects that will bring more new equipments and materials that will help the employees achieve their objective by bringing the feeling of worth among the employees. Another element of motivation that affects job satisfaction is optimism. There is a link between optimism and job satisfaction. Leaders in the organization need to encourage optimism especially during the time of challenges. Low job satisfaction leads to employees to work less due to low motivation, low self esteem and negative aspect of life (Danish,2010). According to Liu,(2011) increase in salary is one of the motivating factors that will affect job satisfaction. Other factors that will affect motivation leading to the job satisfaction of employees are annual leave, promotion of the employees, performance appraisal, recognition of the employees and lastly motivation talks with the employees in the job environment. Future Research Based on the above research other future researches need to be conducted which are in line with the study. One of the future research that need to be conducted is the relationship between motivation and performance. When an employee is motivated by an increment in salary or goven any promotion then the employees are motivated to work more harder leading to good performance. Research should be done to determine the relationship between performance and motivation. Another research to be conducted include the relationship between intelligence and job performance. The performance of the organization is determined by the level of intelligence of employees hence the need for the research. Conclusion Low motivation which leads to low job satisfaction since it leads to lack of enthusiasm at work, lack of clear career projection. The management and employers need improve the work place environment like recognition of employees in organization, involving them in decision making and lastly incorporating incentives and bonuses in salaries to improve motivation leading job satisfaction of employees (Kuvaas,2009). References Andersen, L. B., Kjeldsen, A. M. (2013). Public service motivation, user orientation, and job satisfaction: A question of employment sector?.International Public Management Journal,16(2), 252-274. Arifin, H. M. (2014). The influence of competence, motivation, and organisational cultureto high school teacher job satisfaction and performance.International Education Studies,8(1), 38. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resourc management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Atmojo, M. (2015). The influence of transformational leadership on job satisfactio organizational commitment, and employee performance.International research journal of business studies,5(2). Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,140(4), 980. Danish, R. Q., Usman, A. (2010). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan.International journal of business and management,5(2), 159. Klassen, R. M., Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers' self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress.Journal of educational Psychology,102(3), 741. Liu, B. C., Tang, T. L. P. (2011). Does the love of money moderate the relationship between public service motivation and job satisfaction? The case of Chinese professionals in the public sector.Public Administration Review,71(5), 718-727. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Kuvaas, B., Dysvik, A. (2009). Perceived investment in employee development,intrinsic motivation and work performance.Human resource management journal,19(3), 217-236. Zhang, X., Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement.Academy of management journal,53(1), 107-128